Groundwater quality assessment for irrigation use in the Godavari Delta region of east coast India using IRWQI and GIS

Abstract The present work was carried out in the deltaic region of river Godavari coastal Andhra Pradesh southern India to evaluate status groundwater quality for irrigation. Groundwater is predominantly used these productive agricultural fields. Saline water intrusion fresh aquifers, which mainly due excess withdrawal groundwater, recorded study area. A total 80 samples were analyzed physical and chemical parameters using standard procedures. represents Na+–Cl? type, shows mixing with saline water. high correlation between Mg2+–HCO3? explained that intermixing aquifer waters leaching secondary salts influenced region. Evaporation-fractional crystallizations are main processes irrigation index calculated different indices including Na%, sodium adsorption ratio, residual bicarbonate (RSBC), permeability (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly's ratio (KR), potential salinity (PS), Cl?:HCO3?, Mg2+:Ca2+ Na+:Ca2+ estimate suitability Spatial distribution maps prepared raster interpolation GIS. assessment revealed areas covering 67.6% electrical conductivity, 100% dissolved solids, 57.5% 21.3% RSBC, 66.3% PI, 16.3% MH, 65% KR, and, PS required severe moderate restrictions. Overall, showed geogenic anthropogenic activities, thus it must be monitored sustainable agriculture.